Carbon and its Compounds

Objectives

---

After studying this lesson, the student will be able to: - know the importance of organic compounds. - classify the organic compounds and name them based on IUPAC rules. - identify the functional groups of organic compounds. - explain the preparation, properties and uses of ethanol and ethanoic acids. - know the composition and preparation of soap and detergent. - understand the cleansing action of soap and detergents. - differentiate soap and detergents.

Points to remember

---

- A group or class of organic compounds related to each other by a general molecular formula constitutes homologous series. - Th e IUPAC name of the any organic compound consist of three parts. ROOTWORD, PREFIX and / or SUFFIX. - Functional group may be defi ned as an atom or group of atom or reactive part which is responsible for the characteristic properties of the compounds - Ethanoic acid is most commonly known as acetic acid and belongs to a group of acids called carboxylic acids. - Acetic acid is present in many fruits and it renders a sour taste to those fruits. - Ethanol or ethyl alcohol or simply alcohol is one of the most important members of the family of alcohols. - Th e slow chemical change that takes place in complex organic compounds by the action of enzymes leading to theformation of simple molecules is called fermentation. - Soaps are sodium or potassium salts of some long chain carboxylic acids. - Detergents are sodium salts of sulphonicacids. Thus instead of COOH group in soaps, detergents contain SO3H group